CSS - rem and em
[this is a draft]
Which unit to use, rem, em or even px (just to mention the most common units) when writing CSS seems to be an ongoing discussion. For people entering the space of web development the hurdle just gets higher, the complexity is continuously growing. There are
more units than ever, I counted 21, there is more sites to learn from. It is not easy to figure out where and how to start.
I will try to analyze this a bit applying what I know and have learnt over the last 25 years of web development.
The User Agent Rules
The user agent, the browser, the user in the end, rules when it comes to font-sizes. Every user can customize their browser settings and determine what is the default look of sites (that respect that). Unfortunately there are sites that do not respect the user's settings, which is quite sad. The people that have customized their font-sizes are most probably those that are negatively effected by those pages that do not respect the user's decision.
My Default is rem
For the reasons given above my default is rem. I do not modify the root font-size, mostly set via html { font-size: ...; } in CSS. Since the user should be the one in control I don't change this font-size. Above all, don't make it smaller, the user will appreciate it. Wearing glasses I can tell how important it is for me to be in control of the (font-)size of what I look at.
The Unit rem is Relative to the User's Preferences
MDN describes the unit "rem" like this:
Represents the font-size of the root element (typically
<html>). When used within the root element font-size, it represents its initial value (a common browser default is 16px, but user-defined preferences may modify this).